启明办公

 找回密码
 立即注册
搜索
热搜: 活动 交友 discuz
查看: 83|回复: 0

GRE单词(1)

[复制链接]

2

主题

5

帖子

6

积分

新手上路

Rank: 1

积分
6
发表于 2022-10-9 11:04:20 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
1. devoted

UK /dɪ'vəʊtɪd/
US /dɪ'voʊtɪd/

  • 释义:

    • adj. Someone who is devoted to a person loves that person very much. 深爱的;挚爱的;忠诚的
    • adj. If you are devoted to something, you care about it a lot and are very enthusiastic about it. 爱好的;热衷的;致力(于……)的
    • adj. Something that is devoted to a particular thing deals only with that thing or contains only that thing. 专用于……的



  • 例句:

    • 50 years on, the couple are still devoted to one another. 50年过去了,这对夫妇仍然深爱着彼此。
    • ...a loving and devoted husband. 深情且忠诚的丈夫。
    • Dogs are considered as devoted friends of humankind. 狗被认为是人类忠实的朋友。



  • 词根:

    • vot, vov, vow 【拉丁】表示“断言”;“发誓,献身”
    • 同根词

      • devotion: n. 关爱,关照;奉献;忠诚;宗教礼拜
      • avow: v. 声明,公开宣称
      • avowal: n. 供认
      • devote: n. 爱好者,虔诚的宗教信徒
      • avowedly: adv. 自认,公然地
      • devoted: adv. 挚爱的,忠诚的,全心全意的 v. "devoted"的过去式和过去分词




  • 词汇派生:

    • devotion: n. 关爱,关照;奉献;忠诚;宗教礼拜
    • devotee: n. 爱好者,虔诚的宗教信徒
    • devoted: adj. 挚爱的,忠诚的,全心全意的 v. "devoted"的过去式和过去分词
    • devotional: adj. 用于祈祷的,宗教仪式的 n. 简短的礼拜

<hr/>2. disarray

UK /ˌdɪsə'reɪ/
US /ˌdɪsə'reɪ/

  • 释义:

    • n.[U] If people or things are in disarray, they are disorganized and confused. 混乱;紊乱
    • n.[U] If things or places are in disarray, they are in a very untidy state. 凌乱;不整齐



  • 例句:

    • The nation is in disarray following rioting led by the military. 军队发动暴乱之后国家陷入混乱中。
    • She was left lying on her side and her clothes were in disarray. 发现她时她侧躺着,且衣衫不整。
    • The temporary assignment had thrown his holiday plans into disarray. 这个临时任务打乱了他的度假计划。



  • 词根:

    • disarray = dis(离开)+ array(排列,装扮)——离开队列,漫无秩序



  • 派生:

    • array: n. 展示;排列;盛装 vt. 排列;打扮

<hr/>3. impunity

UK /ɪm'pjuːnəti/
US /ɪm'pjuːnəti/

  • 释义:

    • phrase. If you say that someone does something with impunity, you disapprove of the fact that they are not punished for doing something bad. (做坏事却)不受惩罚地



  • 例句:

    • These gangs operate with apparent impunity. 这些团伙明目张胆地活动,却不受任何惩罚。
    • It's astonishing that these criminals are set free with impunity. 令人惊讶的是,这些罪犯竟然被无罪释放。



  • 词根:

    • pen, pun = penalty,表示“处罚”
    • impunity: im不+pun+ity 不受惩罚
    • 同根词:

      • punish: v. 惩罚,处罚,对…判罪,判定…的处罚方式
      • punishment: n. 惩罚,处罚
      • repent: v. 后悔, 忏悔, 悔过 adj. 【植】匍匐生根的, 【动】爬行的

        • re反 + pen:反过来惩罚自己,即后悔

      • penalty: n. 处罚,判罚,刑罚;罚金;害处;点球
      • penitence: n. 悔罪, 忏悔, 愧疚
      • punitive: adj. 惩罚性的, 刑罚的, 处罚的, (租税等)苛刻的
      • impenitent: adj. 不悔悟的,顽固的 n. 不悔悟的人,顽固的人

        • im不 + pen 惩罚:不觉得自己应该受到惩罚,不忏悔

      • impunity: n. 免于惩罚, 不受惩处, 逃过惩罚

        • im不 + pun + ity:不受惩罚





  • 搭配:

    • with impunity:不受惩罚地;安然无恙地
    • im+punity(punishment):已有一层否定,所以多数用于双重否定表示一定会受惩罚。

<hr/>4. obedient

UK /ə'biːdiənt/
US /ə'biːdiənt/

  • 释义:

    • adj. A person or animal who is obedient does what they are told to do. 服从的;顺从的;温驯的



  • 例句:

    • He was very respectful at home and obedient to his parents. 他在家里对父母十分恭敬,百依百顺。
    • We're absolutely obedient to our superiors. 我们绝对服从上级。



  • 词根:

    • audio-, aud-, audi-, audit-【拉丁】听
    • obedient: ob向,朝着 + audio听 + ent形容词后缀,做 = 听……的话=顺从的
    • 同根词:

      • audience: n. 听众,观众,读者;觐见,会见

        • audi + -ence 名词词尾 -> 听的人 -> 既听又看的人 -> 听众,观众

      • audible: adj. 听得见的

        • audi- + -ble 能够 -> 可听见的

      • auditor: n. 审计员, 稽核员, (大学课程的)旁听生
      • audit: n. 审计, (地主与佃户间的)决算 v. 审计, 检查, 〔美国〕(大学生)旁听(课程)

        • 听的行为 -> 审听,旁听,查帐

      • audition: n. (拟进行表演者的)试演 v. 试演, 试唱, 试音, 对(某人)面试
      • auditorium: n. 礼堂, 观众席, 会堂

        • audit 听 + -or + -ium 地方 -> 听的地方 -> 人们集中一起听和观看的场所 -> 礼堂,观众席





  • 词汇派生:

    • obedience: n. 服从,顺从
    • disobedient: adj. 不服从的, 不顺从的, 违抗的

      • dis- apart, away, not 表示除去,分离,剥夺,反对,否定等含义; utterly, completely; 完全; in different directions 表示不同方向




  • 搭配:

    • be obedient to
    • of being obedient

<hr/>5. distinctive

UK /dɪ'stɪŋktɪv/
US /dɪ'stɪŋktɪv/

  • 释义:

    • adj. Something that is distinctive has a special quality or feature which makes it easily recognizable and different from other things of the same type. 独特的;特别的;有特色的



  • 例句:

    • His voice was very distinctive. 他的声音很特别。
    • I can recognize her from a mile away because she has a very distinctive voice. 隔着很远我就能认出她来,因为她声音很有特点。、



  • 词根:

    • stingu-, -stingu, stinct-, -stinct【拉丁】表示“分开”;“熄灭”;“消除”;“刺激”;“刺破”
    • distinctive: dis分开 + stinct → 把刺分开 → 区别,出众
    • 同根词:

      • distinct: adj. 清晰的,明显的;截然不同的,有区别的;不同种类的;确实的,不容忽视的

        • dis分开+stinct → 把刺分开 → 区别

      • distinguish: v. 区分,辨别,分清;使出众,使著名;使有别于
      • distinction: n. 区别,差别;卓越,杰出
      • instinct: n. 本能,天性;直觉

        • in里面 + stinct = 内部兴起的东西 = 本能

      • sting: v. 刺;蜇;叮;(使)感觉刺痛 n. 刺;刺伤;蜇伤
      • distinctly: adv. 清楚地,显然地,明显地

        • dis分开 + stinct → 把刺分开 → 区别,明显

      • extinct: adj. (动植物,语言)灭绝的;(习俗,工作等)消失的

        • ex外 + tinct = 刺到外面去 = 消灭

      • distinctive: adj. 独特的, 特别的, 有特色的

        • dis分开+stinct→把刺分开→区别,出众





  • 词汇派生:

    • distinctly: adv. 清楚地,显然地,明显地
    • distinctive: adj. 独特的, 特别的, 有特色的
    • indistinct: adj. 模糊不清的, 不清楚的

      • in- in,into 在内,内里; negative 否定;力量

    • distinction: n. 区别,差别;卓越,杰出
    • distinguish: vt. 辨别;区分;使杰出,使表现突出



  • 辨析:

    • peculiar: 侧重指某人或某物本身与众不同;也可指种族、民族或性别有其无可争议的特点
    • characteristic: 侧重指具有区别能力的,典型的或本质的特征
    • individual: 指特指的人或物,着重其与众不同,强调可将其区别出的品质与特性
    • distinctive: 突出与众不同的或令人称赞的个性或特征

<hr/>6. appeal

UK /ə'piːl/
US /ə'piːl/

  • 释义:

    • v. If you appeal to someone to do something, you make a serious and urgent request to them. 呼吁;恳请;恳求
    • n.[C] An appeal is a serious and urgent request. 呼吁;恳请;恳求
    • n.[C] An appeal is an attempt to raise money for a charity or for a good cause. (为慈善或正义事业所作的)募捐呼吁
    • v. If you appeal to someone in authority against a decision, you formally ask them to change it. In British English, you appeal against something. In American English, you appeal something. 上诉;申诉
    • n.[VAR] An appeal is a formal request for a decision to be changed. 上诉;申诉
    • v. If something appeals to you, you find it attractive or interesting. 对…有吸引力;对…感兴趣
    • n.[U] The appeal of something is a quality that it has which people find attractive or interesting. 吸引力;感染力



  • 例句:

    • The United Nations has appealed for help from the international community. 联合国已经呼吁国际社会提供援助。
    • He will appeal to the state for an extension of unemployment benefits. 他将呼吁国家延长领取失业救济金的时限。
    • to file an appeal 提出上诉



  • 词根:

    • ap- away, from 离开,远离;for, to 表示加强,方向,变化,完成,增加,开始(由ad-变化而来); asunder, separation from, derived from 分离
    • pel-, -pell, -pellent, -peal【拉丁】表示“驱动,推动”;“击打,敲”
    • 同根词:

      • repel: v. 使恐惧;使厌恶;击退,驱逐;排斥;相斥
      • propel: v. 推进,推动;驱使;迫使

        • pro向前 + pel推动 = 向前推动 = 推进,驱动

      • compel: v. 强迫,迫使

        • com一起 + pel = 好多人一起推动你 = 强迫

      • pulse: n. 脉冲, 脉搏, 脉率, 强劲的音乐节拍 v. 搏动, 跳动, 震动, 洋溢着
      • compulsory: adj. 必须做的, 义务的; 强制的, 强迫的

        • com一起 + puls = 好多人一起推动你 = 强迫

      • expel: v. 排出;把…开除(或除名);驱逐出境;喷出

        • ex向外+pel=向外推=驱逐





  • 词汇派生:

    • appealing: adj. 有吸引力的, 有感染力的, 令人感兴趣的, 恳求的 v. “appeal”的现在分词
    • appellant: n. 上诉人 adj. 【法】有关上诉的
    • unappealing: adj. 不诱人的, 无魅力的, 令人不快的

      • un- not; lack of; to undo; to remove; one, single 否定,相反,取消,取走;一,单一

    • peal: n. (声音大而持续或重复的)洪亮的响声;隆隆声;洪亮的钟声;钟乐;(奏钟乐的)编钟;vt. & vi. (使)(钟等)鸣响;(雷等)发出隆隆声
    • peel: vt. 削[剥]去(水果或蔬菜的皮);覆盖层 脱落;剥落;vi. 剥落; 脱落, 剥掉;揭掉;表面 起皮;剥落;n. 果皮, 蔬菜皮



  • 搭配:

    • appeal to sb. for sth. 祈求
    • appeal to sb. against sth. 上诉
    • appeal to sb./sth. 恳请某人/做某事;对某人有吸引力



  • 辨析:

    • 这些动词均含“请求,恳求”之意
    • plead: 指谦卑而又不失尊严地请求,侧重迫切感
    • appeal: 常指以道义原则为基础或以法律为依据的请求
    • beg: 比plead通俗,不用于法律范畴,指低声下气地请求,有时含贬义,指某人喋喋不休地要求得到帮助
    • petition: 指正式而热切地请愿或祈求
    • entreat: 的意义与beg的大致相同,但较文雅
    • pray: 指祈求,多用于宗教用语中

<hr/>7. industrious

UK /ɪn'dʌstriəs/
US /ɪn'dʌstriəs/

  • 释义:

    • adj. If you describe someone as industrious, you mean they work very hard.勤劳的;勤奋的



  • 例句:

    • She was an industrious and willing worker. 她是个勤劳肯干的员工。
    • She was surrounded by energetic, industrious people. 她被充满活力、勤劳的人们簇拥着。



  • 词汇派生:

    • industry: n. 工业, 行业, 勤奋, 生产制造

      • in- in,into 在内,内里; negative 否定;力量

    • industrial: adj. 工业的,产业的
    • industrious: adj. 勤劳的,勤奋的;忙碌的
    • industrialize: v. (使国家或地区)工业化
    • industrialization: n. 工业化
    • industrialized: adj. 工业化的 v. 工业化
    • industrialism: n. 工业主义, 产业主义
    • industrialist: n. 实业家, 工业家, 工厂主



  • 辨析:

    • 这两个形容词均表示“勤奋的”之意
    • diligent: 多指为一定的目的或追求而勤奋
    • industrious: 指由习惯养成或天性形成的勤奋

<hr/>8. suspend

UK /sə'spend/
US /sə'spend/

  • 释义:

    • v. If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it. 暂缓;推迟;暂停
    • v. If someone is suspended, they are prevented from holding a particular job or position for a fixed length of time or until a decision is made about them. 使暂时停职
    • v. If something is suspended from a high place, it is hanging from that place. 吊;悬挂



  • 例句:

    • A U.N. official said aid programs will be suspended until there's adequate protection for relief convoys. 一名联合国官员说将会暂停援助项目,直到救援运送车队能够得到充分保护为止。
    • The Lawn Tennis Association suspended Mr. Castle from the British team. 草地网球协会暂停了卡斯尔先生在英国队的职务。
    • The school suspended the sports meeting. 学校推迟了运动会。



  • 词根:

    • sus- under; below, beneath, subordinate; incompletely; further 在…之下;从属…,不完全(由sub-变化而来)
    • pend-, -pens, -pense, -pending, -pended【拉丁】表示“悬挂”;“称重”;“使下垂”
    • suspend:sus(=sub在……之下)+ pend = 垂下去 = 暂停,推迟, 悬挂
    • 同根词:

      • stipend: n. 薪俸, 献仪
      • depend: v. 依赖, 取决于, 信任 (on, upon), 悬挂

        • de向下+pend=悬挂在……之上=相信,依靠

      • dependent: adj. 依靠的, 依赖的; 取决于…的; 有瘾的 n. (=dependant) 依赖他人生活的人(尤指孩子)
      • expensive: adj. 昂贵的, 花钱多的, 价格高的

        • expend+ive=需要花钱的=昂贵的

      • independence: n. 独立,自主,自立
      • independent: adj. 独立的,自主的,自立的
      • indispensable: adj. 不可或缺的
      • suspend: v. 推迟;暂停;取消;悬挂

        • sus(=sub在……之下)+pend=垂下去=暂停,推迟, 悬挂





  • 词汇派生:

    • suspension: n. 悬浮, 悬浮液, 暂令停职(或停学、停赛等), 暂缓
    • suspender: n. 吊袜带, 吊裤带, 背带;悬挂物



  • 辨析:

    • 这些动词或短语均有“推延,延期”之意
    • delay: 普通用词,多指因外界原因推迟或耽误,也可指有意推迟
    • postpone: 正式用词,语气较强,多指有安排的延期,常指明延期到一定的时间
    • defer: 正式用词,语气强于postpone,多指故意拖延
    • suspend: 指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现
    • prolong: 指把时间延长至超过正常或通常的限度
    • put off: 口语用词,与postpone同义,但较通俗



  • 搭配:

    • suspend A from B 把A挂在B上[下面]
    • suspend from 自悬挂下来; (被)停职[停学]
    • (be)suspended in 悬浮在...中
    • suspend a driving license 吊销驾照
    • suspend payment 暂停付款

<hr/>9. array

UK /ə'reɪ/
US /ə'reɪ/

  • 释义:

    • n.[C] An array of different things or people is a large number or wide range of them. 一大批;一大群
    • n.[C] An array of objects is a collection of them that is displayed or arranged in a particular way.陈列;布置



  • 例句:

    • As the deadline approached she experienced a bewildering array of emotions. 随着最后期限的临近,她开始心绪纷乱、不知所措。
    • We visited the local markets and saw wonderful arrays of fruit and vegetables. 我们去了当地的市场,看见了一排排摆放整齐的蔬果。
    • He was unable to escape the array of facts. 他无法躲避一连串的事实。



  • 词汇派生:

    • arrayed: adj. (以某种形式)布置的,排列的



  • 搭配:

    • an array of  一批;一列
    • in holiday array 身着节日盛装

<hr/>10. immaculate

UK /ɪ'mækjələt/
US /ɪ'mækjələt/

  • 释义:

    • adj. If you describe something as immaculate , you mean that it is extremely clean, tidy, or neat.干净整洁的;纤尘不染的
    • adj. If you say that something is immaculate , you are emphasizing that it is perfect, without any mistakes or bad parts at all.无瑕疵的;完美的



  • 例句:

    • Her front room was keptimmaculate. 她的客厅一尘不染。
    • The goalkeeper's performance wasimmaculate. 守门员的表现堪称完美。
    • The cook always keeps his kitchen immaculate. 厨师总是把厨房收拾得干干净净。
    • It's animmaculateperformance. 那是一场完美的演出。



  • 词根:

    • macul-, maculat-【拉丁】= spot (斑点)
    • immaculate: im表否定
    • 同根词:

      • maculate: adj. 有污点的,弄污的 v. 弄脏
      • macula: n. (太阳的)黑点, (矿石的)斑点, (皮肤上的)痣
      • macular degeneration: un. 黄斑变性




  • 辨析:

    • spotless:adj.洁白无瑕的,非常洁净的
    • clean:adj.干净的,纯洁的
    • pure:adj.纯的,纯洁的
    • white:adj.白色的,纯洁的
    • impeccable:adj.无懈可击的,无瑕疵的
    • faultless:adj.完美的,无缺点的
    • spick-and-span:adj. 崭新的,极整洁的
    • cleanly:adv.利落地,干净地
    • perfect:adj.完美的,完全的
    • tidy:adj.整齐的,整洁的



  • 搭配:

    • immaculate anonymity:籍籍无名

11. incorrigible

UK /ɪn'kɒrɪdʒəbl/
US /ɪn'kɔːrɪdʒəbl/

  • 释义:

    • adj. If you tell someone they are incorrigible , you are saying, often in a humorous way, that they have faults which will never change. 屡教不改的,不可改造的(通常带有幽默意味)



  • 例句:

    • Gamblers are in corrigible optimists. 嗜赌的人是死不悔改的乐天派。
    • Her ex-husband is an incorrigible smoker. 她前夫是个不可救药的烟鬼。



  • 词汇派生:

    • corrigible: adj. 可改正的, 易矫正的

      • cor- together, with, wholly 共同,一起,完全(由com-变化而来)

    • correct:v. 纠正


12. grovel

UK /'ɡrɒvl/
US /'ɡrɑːvl/

  • 释义:

    • v. If you say that someone grovels , you think they are behaving too respectfully towards another person, for example because they are frightened or because they want something. 卑躬屈膝;奴颜婢膝
    • v. If you grovel , you crawl on the ground, for example in order to find something.(为找东西等)爬行,匍匐



  • 例句:

    • ...a letter of grovelling apology. 一封低声下气的致歉信
    • Speakers have been shouted down, classes disrupted, teachers made togrovel. 发言人的声音被叫嚷声盖住了,课堂一片混乱,老师们不得不好言相劝。
    • He was grovelling under the sofa, trying to find the keys. 他正爬到沙发底下找钥匙。



  • 辨析:

    • grovel:卑躬屈膝
    • grove:小树林
    • groove:n.沟,槽
    • glove:手套
    • gravel:n. 沙砾,碎石 v. 铺碎石, 使困惑

<hr/>13. surveillance

UK /sɜː'veɪləns/
US /sɜːr'veɪləns/

  • 释义:

    • n.[U] Surveillance is the careful watching of someone, especially by an organization such as the police or the army.(尤指来自警方、军队等组织的)监视



  • 例句:

    • Police keep track of the kidnapper using electronic surveillance equipment. 警方利用电子监视设备跟踪绑架者。
    • He was arrested after being kept under constant surveillance. 在被连续监视了一段时间后,他被逮捕了。
    • Most of the banks have installed surveillance cameras. 现在大多数银行都安装了监控摄像机。



  • 词根:

    • vigi, vig【拉丁】表示“小心,机警”;“失眠的”
    • 同根词:

      • vegetable:n. 蔬菜, 植物人, 生活单调乏味的人 adj. 植物(性)的, 得自植物的, 关于植物的, 蔬菜的
      • vigil:n. (看望病人、祷告、抗议等的)不眠时间, (尤指)值夜
      • vigilant:adj. 警觉的, 警惕的, 警戒的, 谨慎
      • vigor:n. 〈美〉同“vigour”活力;精力;力量;热情
      • invigilate:v. 监(考)

        • in里面+vigi=里面很机警=监考,监督

      • invigorate:v. 使生气勃勃, 使精神焕发, 使蒸蒸日上, 使兴旺发达

        • in里面+vigor = 在里面补充活力

      • vegetate:v. 过无聊生活, 无所用心




  • 搭配:

    • surveillance camera:监控摄像
    • under surveillance:处在被监视中

<hr/>14. charisma

UK /kə'rɪzmə/
US /kə'rɪzmə/

  • 释义:

    • n.[U] You say that someone has charisma when they can attract, influence, and inspire people by their personal qualities. 魅力;感召力



  • 例句:

    • He has neither the policies nor the personal charisma to inspire people. 他既无谋略又无魅力来鼓舞人。
    • Not every President has had the charisma of Kennedy. 不是每一位总统都有肯尼迪那样的超凡气质。



  • 词根:

    • charis-【希腊】表“优雅,幸福,仁慈”;也表示个人魅力



  • 词汇派生:

    • charismatic:adj. 魅力非凡的, 有领导力的, 能吸引人为之效忠的, 【宗】天赐神力的 n. 有特恩的基督徒
    • Christmas:n. (纪念耶稣基督生的节日, 12月25日)圣诞节。 可以记为:有“非凡的领导力”的人“圣诞节”快乐



  • 搭配:

    • natural charisma:天生丽质

<hr/>15. uncouth

UK /ʌn'kuːθ/
US /ʌn'kuːθ/

  • 释义:

    • adj. If you describe a person as uncouth , you mean that their behaviour is rude, noisy, and unpleasant.(人)粗野的,粗鄙的,粗鲁的



  • 例句:

    • It's uncouth to make a loud noise in the public place. 在公共场所大声喧哗是不礼貌的。
    • He is a selfish, uncouth fellow, who has no respect for anyone. 他是个自私、没教养的家伙,对人一点也不尊重。



  • 词汇派生:

    • couth:adj. 〈谑〉文雅的, 有教养的
    • uncouth:adj. 粗鲁的, 无礼的, 无教养的

      • un- not; lack of; to undo; to remove; one, single 否定,相反,取消,取走;一,单一


<hr/>16. conversant

UK /kən'vɜːsnt/
US /kən'vɜːrsnt/

  • 释义:

    • adj. If you are conversant with something, you are familiar with it and able to deal with it. 熟悉的;精通的



  • 例句:

    • Those in business are not, on the whole, conversant with basic scientific principles. 总的来说,那些从商的人并不太熟悉基本的科学原理。
    • I'm conversant with the interpersonal issues. 我对人际关系问题很有经验。



  • 词根:

    • vers-, vert-, -verse, -version, -version, -versation, -versal, -versary, -vert, vort-, vors-【拉丁】表示“转动,旋转”;“使弯曲”
    • conversant: con共同 + vers+ant → 在一起转的 → 亲近的
    • 同根词:

      • advertisement:n. 广告, 广告宣传, 启事, 广告(样)品
      • irreversible:adj. 无法复原(或挽回)的, 不能倒转的

        • ir不+re+vers+ible→不能颠倒的

      • universal:adj. 普遍的,通用的;全世界的,共同的 n. 普遍特征,普遍原则
      • verse:n. 诗;韵文;诗节;歌曲的段落

        • 转着反复说的话 → 诗歌

      • incontrovertible:adj. 无可争辩的, 不能否认的, 无可置疑的

        • in不 + controvert反驳 + ible → 不容反驳的

      • conversation:n. (非正式)交谈

        • con共同 + vers → 在一起转的 → 谈话

      • conversely:adv. 相反地, 反过来
      • conversant:adj. 通晓的, 熟悉的

        • con共同 + vers+ant → 在一起转的 → 亲近的





  • 搭配:

    • be conversant with ≈ be familiar with

<hr/>17. servile

UK /'sɜːvaɪl/
US /'sɜːrvl/

  • 释义:

    • adj. If you say that someone is servile , you disapprove of them because they are too eager to obey someone or do things for them. 奴性的;逢迎的;恭顺的



  • 例句:

    • He was subservient and servile. 他低声下气、卑躬屈膝。
    • His subordinates are always appearing totally servileto make him happy. 他的下属总是对他表现出完全卑躬屈膝的样子,来赢得他的欢心。
    • They said she had aservileattitude to her employer. 他们说她对她的老板阿谀逢迎。



  • 词根:

    • serv-, -serve【拉丁】表示“看”;“维护,保护”
    • servile: 奴仆是服务的
    • 同根词:

      • conservation:n. 保护,保存
      • conservative:adj. 保守的,守旧的 n. 保守派(党);保守的人
      • deserve:v. 应得,值得

        • de完全的,到家的+serv=完全的服务=应当得到报酬

      • observation:n. 观察;观测;监视;评论
      • observe:v. 注意到, 察觉到; 观测, 观察; 监视; 遵守; 庆祝; 评论, 说
      • preserve:v. 保护;保持,保存;保养;保鲜;腌制 n. 果酱;腌菜;专门领域,专有活动

        • pre提前+serv保护=提前保护起来=保存,保护

      • reserve:v. 保留,预订 n. 储备;储存物资;保护区
      • servile:adj. 奴性的, 逢迎的, 恭顺的 n. 奴隶


<hr/>18. forsake

UK /fə'seɪk/
US /fər'seɪk/

  • 释义:

    • v. If you forsake someone, you leave them when you should have stayed, or you stop helping them or looking after them. 将…弃之不顾;遗弃;抛弃
    • v. If you forsake something, you stop doing it, using it, or having it. 放弃;丢弃



  • 例句:

    • I still love him and I would never forsake him. 我仍然爱着他,我永远不会弃他不顾。
    • He doubted their claim to have forsaken military solutions to the civil war. 他对他们声称已经放弃通过武力解决内战感到怀疑。
    • I still love him and would never forsake him. 我仍然爱着他,永远不会离他而去。



  • 词根:

    • forsake = for+sake(用第三种意思,目的、利益) 就是说为了利益,就要放弃、抛弃一些东西。



  • 辨析:

    • 这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意
    • abandon:强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等,这可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的
    • desert:着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味
    • forsake:侧重断绝感情上的依恋,自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习
    • leave:普通用词,指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同一某人的关系,但不涉及动机与果
    • give up:普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。

<hr/>19. cajole

UK /kə'dʒəʊl/
US /kə'dʒoʊl/

  • 释义:

    • v. If you cajole someone into doing something, you get them to do it after persuading them for some time. 哄骗;劝诱;说服



  • 例句:

    • He cajoled Mr Dobson to stand for mayor. 他说服多布森先生竞选市长。
    • It was he who had cajoled Garland into doing the film. 是他劝服嘉兰拍这部片子的。
    • The liar managed to cajolethe password out of him. 那个骗子设法从他口中套出了密码。



  • 词根:

    • cav, caj【拉丁】表示“中空的”
    • cajole: 来自法语cajoler 本意是像笼(cage)中松鸡一样叽叽喳喳
    • 同根词:

      • cage:n. 笼子 v. 把(动物)关在笼中
      • cave:n. 洞穴, 山洞 v. 在…挖洞, 使陷下, 使倒坍, 使崩溃 int. 〈英俚〉小心
      • cavity:n. 洞,孔,窟窿;腔
      • cajole:v. 哄骗, 劝诱, 诱骗
      • cavern:n. 大洞穴, 大山洞 v. 挖空, 置…于山洞中
      • excavate:v. 挖掘, 发掘

        • ex出+cav洞+ate→从洞中出来→挖出

      • excavation:adj. 凹的, 凹面的 n. 凹 v. 把…弄成凹(面)

        • con全部+cave洞→全部像洞一样→凹进去的





  • 搭配:

    • cajole sth out of sb 从某人手里(用甜言蜜语)骗得某物



  • 辨析:

    • blarney:奉承话
    • charm:魅力
    • coax:
    • entice:诱使
    • flatter:奉承
    • inveigle:诱骗
    • palaver:空谈
    • persuade:说服
    • sweet-talk:奉承
    • wheedle:(以甜言蜜语)诱惑...

<hr/>20. blight

UK /blaɪt/
US /blaɪt/

  • 释义:

    • n.[VAR] You can refer to something as a blight when it causes great difficulties, and damages or spoils other things.破坏因素;祸根;阴影
    • v. If something blights your life or your hopes, it damages and spoils them. If something blights an area, it spoils it and makes it unattractive.破坏(生活);使(希望)破灭;摧毁;损毁
    • n.[U] Blight is a disease which makes plants dry up and die.(令植物枯萎的)疫病



  • 例句:

    • Manchester still suffers from urban blightand unacceptable poverty. 曼彻斯特仍然受到城区脏乱和严重贫困问题的困扰。
    • This discriminatory policy has really been ablighton America. 这项歧视性政策确实成了美国的一大祸根。
    • The accident cast ablighton our happiness. 那场意外事故使我们的幸福生活蒙上了一层阴影。
    • Her life was blighted by ill health. 她的一生被疾病所摧残。



  • 词汇派生:

    • blight:n. (农作物等的)疫病,(对局势、生活或环境)有害的事物 v. 损害,妨害,贻害
    • blighter:n. 讨厌的(或可怜的)家伙(通常指男性)



  • 搭配:

    • cast a blight on:蒙上阴影

<hr/>
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

Archiver|手机版|小黑屋|天恒办公

Copyright © 2001-2013 Comsenz Inc.Template by Comsenz Inc.All Rights Reserved.

Powered by Discuz!X3.4

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表