单词详解 | rifle

鱼尾文

rifle
音标：美音：/ˈraɪf(ə)l/，英音：/ˈraɪf(ə)l/
听听基本释意：
原文：单词详解 | rifle - 英语接口
外刊例句：
After Mr Mefleh struggles out of the headlock, he tries to grab the policeman's rifle.
Mefleh 先生从头锁中挣扎出来后，他试图抓住警察的步枪。
--BBC
A similar letter governing AR-15-type rifles, which represent a much smaller percentage of homemade firearms used in crimes, was released in September.
9 月发布了一封类似的信函，其中涉及 AR-15 型步枪，这种步枪在用于犯罪的自制枪支中所占比例要小得多。
--New York Times
As the fairy lights change colour, so do the ice soldiers with their automatic rifles.
随着童话般的灯光变色，拿着自动步枪的冰兵也会变色。
--BBC
基本释意：
noun
a shoulder firearm with a long barrel and a rifled boren. 步枪，来复枪；步枪队（rifles）
同义词：go,despoil,foray,loot,pillage,plunder,ransack,reave,strip
短释义：
A rifle is a long, powerful gun that is fired from the shoulder. A soldier is most often armed with a rifle.步枪是一种长而有力的枪，从肩部发射。士兵通常装备有步枪。
长释义：
Some hunters use rifles, which fire single bullets rather than the small pellets, or shot, that shotguns fire. A rifle can do more damage and is therefore often used in the military. The name comes from the shape of the barrel, which is grooved — or rifled, from the Old French word rifler, "to scratch or groove." Another meaning of rifle comes from the same root but means "to search through things in a hurried way."一些猎人使用步枪，它发射单发子弹而不是散弹枪发射的小弹丸或子弹。步枪可以造成更大的伤害，因此经常在军队中使用。这个名字来自于枪管的形状，它是有槽的——或有膛线的，来自古法语单词 rifler，“划痕或开槽”。 rifle 的另一个含义来自同一个词根，但意思是“以匆忙的方式搜索事物”。
文学例句：
Emma, Finn, and Chess all whirled toward the older girl, who was rifling through one shoebox full of money after another.
Emma、Finn 和 Chess 都转身走向年长的女孩，她正在一个又一个装满钱的鞋盒里翻来覆去。
--The Strangers by Margaret Peterson Haddix
Behind them, on a horse, was a dark man, his nose covered with a blanket, and across his saddle a rifle gleamed in the sun.
在他们身后，骑在马上的是一个皮肤黝黑的人，他的鼻子上盖着毯子，马鞍上放着一支在阳光下闪闪发光的步枪。
--The Pearl by John Steinbeck
I watched them tie Travis’s hands to his ankles with a piece of rope before slinging my rifle on my back.
我看着他们用一根绳子把特拉维斯的手绑在他的脚踝上，然后把我的步枪挂在我的背上。
--The Marrow Thieves by Cherie Dimaline
词源：rifle (n.)"portable firearm having a barrel or barrels with a spirally grooved bore," by 1775; the word was used earlier of the grooves themselves (1751), and is a noun use from rifled pistol, 1680s, from the verb rifle meaning "to cut spiral grooves in" (a gun barrel); see rifle (v.2).The spirals impart rotation to the projectile, making its flight more accurate. Rifles "troops armed with rifles," sometimes as part of a unit name, is by 1843. Rifle-range is from 1850 as "distance a rifle-ball will carry" (also, and earlier rifle-shot, 1803); the meaning "place for rifle shooting" is by 1862. Rifle-ball is by 1884; the  word continued in use after cylindrical bullets with conical heads replaced round ones.  
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）rifle (n.) 到 1775 年，“带有一个或多个带螺旋槽孔的枪管的便携式枪支”；这个词早于凹槽本身使用（1751 年），是 1680 年代步枪手枪的名词用法，来自动词步枪，意思是“在”（枪管）中切割螺旋凹槽；参见步枪 (v.2)。螺旋线使弹丸旋转，使其飞行更加准确。到 1843 年，Rifles“装备有步枪的部队”有时作为单位名称的一部分。Rifle-range 从 1850 年开始作为“步枪子弹携带的距离”（以及更早的 rifle-shot，1803 年）；到 1862 年，意思是“步枪射击的地方”。Rifle-ball 到 1884 年；在圆锥形头部的圆柱形子弹取代圆形子弹后，这个词继续使用。